Rates

Term Premium

The extra yield long-duration bonds offer over rolling short-duration bonds — compensation for duration, inflation, and supply risk.

Definition

Term premium is the residual yield on a long bond once the expected path of short rates is stripped out. It's not directly observable; the most common estimates come from the NY Fed (ACM) and Kim-Wright models.

A rising term premium means investors demand more compensation per unit of duration, usually due to inflation uncertainty, supply concerns, or weaker reserve-manager demand.

Why it matters

Term premium drives the long end independently of Fed expectations. Bear-steepening episodes are usually term-premium events, not policy-pricing events.

Worked example

Q3 2023: 10Y yields rose ~100bp without a change in Fed expectations. Decomposition showed term premium accounting for nearly all of the move, driven by Treasury supply and weaker foreign demand.

Frequently asked

Why is term premium hard to measure?
It requires modeling the unobservable expected path of short rates and subtracting it from the observed long yield.
What raises term premium?
Inflation uncertainty, large fiscal deficits, fading foreign demand, and rising rate volatility.
Is term premium the same as the inflation risk premium?
No — inflation risk premium is one component; real-rate uncertainty and supply premium are others.
How do you trade term premium?
Curve steepeners, swap-spread trades, and long-end basis positions all express views on term premium.

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