Credit

Distressed Ratio

The percentage of high-yield bonds trading at spreads over 1,000bp — a leading indicator of the default cycle.

Definition

The distressed ratio counts how many HY bonds (by issuer or market value) trade above the 1,000bp threshold that historically precedes default within 12–24 months. It rises before default rates do, making it a better leading signal than trailing defaults.

When the distressed ratio crosses 10%, the credit cycle is typically turning.

Why it matters

Distressed ratio is the cleanest forward signal on the credit cycle. Allocator behavior often shifts when it crosses key thresholds.

Worked example

Q1 2020: distressed ratio spiked from ~3% to ~30% in weeks before defaults rose. By Q4 2020 it was back below 5%, predicting the muted 2021 default wave.

Frequently asked

Who publishes the distressed ratio?
ICE BofA and Bloomberg both publish versions; the ICE methodology is the most-cited.
Is 1,000bp the right threshold?
It's a convention. Some analysts use 800bp for IG-adjacent stress and 1,500bp for deep distress.
Does it work for loans?
Yes — the equivalent for leveraged loans uses price thresholds (typically <80 cents).
What's the lead time to defaults?
Historically 6–18 months, depending on liquidity conditions and refinancing windows.

Related terms

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